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Biology
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Project report on Propagation of mango tree by
grafting for +2, 12th classes
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1.
Introduction
2. Major verities of Mangos
3. Propagation by Grafting
4. Planting
5. Conclusion
6.Acknowledgement
7. Reference |
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1.
Introduction
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| Mango
(Mangifera indicaL) belonging to Family Anacardiaceae
is the most important commercially grown fruit crop
of the country.
It
is a fleshy stone fruit and is native to the Indian
subcontinent from where it spread all over the
world. It is one of the most cultivated fruits
of the tropical world.
Mangifera indica - the 'common mango' or 'Indian
mango' - is the only mango tree commonly cultivated
in many tropical and subtropical regions, and
its fruit is distributed essentially worldwide.
The
mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan
and the Philippines. It is also the national tree
of Bangladesh. Mango is often referred as "King
of Fruits".
Mango occupies 22% of the total fruits, comprising
of 1.2 million hectares, with a total production
of 11 million tonnes. Uttar Pradesh and Andhra
Pradesh are having the largest area under mango
each with around 25% of the total area followed
by Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
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India's main export destinations for mango are UAE,
Kuwait and other Middle East countries with a limited
quantity being shipped to European market. Although,
India is the largest mango producing country, accounting
about 60% of world production, the export of fresh
fruit is limited to Alphonso and Dashehari varieties.
India's share in the world mango market is only
15 percent. Mango accounts for 40 percent of the
total fruit exports from the country. |
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2.
Major verities of Mangos
Major verities of Indian mangoes are:
Alphonso, Bangalora, Banganpalli, Bombai, Bombay
Green, Dashehari, Fazli, Fernandin, Himsagar,
Kesar, Kishen Bhog,Langra, Mankhurd, Mulgoa, Neelam,
Preyoor, Samarbehist, Chausa, Suvarnarekha, Vanaraj
and Zardalu.
Recently some mango hybrids have been released
for cultivation by different institutes / universities.
A brief introduction to such varieties is presented
below: Mallika ,Amrapali ,Mangeera ,Ratna ,Arka
Aruna ,Arka Puneet ,Arka Anmol.
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3.
Propagation by Grafting
Mangoes
can be propagated rather easily by several methods.
Seeds are sometimes grown to produce new cultivars
and are commonly used to produce rootstocks for
improved cultivars. Seedlings are fairly easy
to grow, but they may require 8 to 10 years or
more to bear and the fruit may not be of desired
quality unless the seedling came from a cultivar
which comes true from seed.
Seedlings
that do not come true often produce fruit that
is small, poorly colored, with fibrous flesh and
a resinous flavor. Desired cultivars are propagated
intact by budding, grafting, or other vegetative
means. Budded or grafted mangos will usually begin
to bear within 3 to 5 years of propagation. The
technique of grafting in mango was practiced in
India since ancient times.
Now various methods of grafting, budding, air
layering and cutting etc. are being adopted with
varying degree of success in different regions
of India. They are:
Inarching, veneer grafting, side grafting and
epicotyl grafting are the popular methods of propagation
in mango. Grafting ensures purity in variety.
Epicotyl
grafting is also known as wedge grafting/ V or
modified cleft grafting and it is more popular
and successful.
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