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Cytology

Endangered species of the India
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Cytology
 

Cytology means "the study of cells". Cytology is that branch of life science, which deals with the study of cells in terms of structure, function and chemistry. Robert Hooke is considered as the father of cytology.

YEAR…………..SCIENTIST…………………….DISCOVERY
1590…. Z. Janssen & H. Janssen…. Produced the 1st operational compound microscope.
1665..…..Robert Hooke………..…Observed dead cork cells and introduced the term “cell” to describe them
1674…………Anton Von Leeuwenhoek……..Discovered the first living cell which was a protozoa.
1675…….Anton Von Leeuwenhoek…. Discovered a bacteria
1831…………Robert Brown……………. Discovered nucleus
1833………. Robert Brown…………….Discovered the cell nucleus in the flowering plant Tradescantia
1835……………Felix Dujardin……………Described protoplasm in protozoa & considered it to be living matter.
1838 - 1839……………The botanist Jakob Matthias Schleiden (in 1838) and the biologist Theodor Schwann……………proposed the cell theory. The cell theory states that the cells are the fundamental particles of both plants and animals, the cell retains a dual existence as a distinct entity and as a building block and the cells are formed by spontaneous generation

1839……………J.E Purkinje……………proposed the name protoplasm
1844……………Hans Christian Gram……………devised the gram staining method
1848…………… Hofmeister……………saw the Chromosomes first
1850……………Kolliker…………… Describes mitochondria in muscle
1855……………Rudolph Virchow…………… modified the third statement of cell theory & stated that all cells arise from pre- existing cells
1862……………Albrecht Kolliker……………introduced the term cytoplasm
1866……………Ernst Haeckel…………… established that the nucleus was responsible for storing & transmitting hereditary characters
1874……………Fontana…………… discovered nucleolus
1875……………Van Beneden…………… observed the centriole
1879…………… W. Flemming…………… observed Cell division first in salamander
1882……………W. Flemming coined the term mitosis
1882……………Robert Koch…………… uses aniline dyes to identify bacteria causing TB & cholera
1887…………… Weismann…………… Discovered meiosis
1888…………… w. Waldeyer…………… saw Darkly stained rod like structures during nuclear division and called it chromosomes
1888…………… Theodor Boveri…………… termed the complex formed of centriole & centrosphere as centrosome
1898……………Camilo Golgi…………… stains cell with silver nitrate, discovering the Golgi apparatus
1899……………Altmann…………… introduced the term nucleic acid
1901-1903……………W.LJohannsen…………… coined the word gene.
1905…………… J.B Farmer…………… coined the term meiosis which means to reduce or diminish
1924……………R.Feulgen & H.Rossenbeck…………… described a test for the presence of DNA
1929……………K.Lohmann discovered ATP, the source of energy in biochemical reactions.

 
 

1931……………Ernst Ruska ……………builds first transmission electron microscope organelles.1935……………James Danielli & Hugh Davson…………… were the first to propose a molecular model of the plasma membrane
1944……………Keith Porter & Albert Claude…………… took the first picture of an intact cell with the electron microscope.
1944……………O.T Avery, C.M Mc Loed & M. Mc Carty…………… showed the significance of DNA as the hereditary material by studies of transformation in bacteria.
1945……………Keith Porter used the term endoplasmic reticulum to identify a fine reticulum in endoplasm of the cell.
1953……………J.D Watson & F.H.C Crick proposed a model for the DNA molecule
1953 February 28……………Watson and Crick…………… made their first announcement on the double-helix structure for DNA
1955……………Christian de Duve…………… discovered lysosome
1955……………Palade…………… discovered Ribosome
1957……………Seymour Benzer…………… gave the concept of cistron, the functional unit of gene
1959…………… Robertson…………… coined the name plasma membrane
1972……………S. Jonathan Singer & Garth Nicholson…………… proposed the fluid mosaic model for plasma membrane. According to this model, the membrane is a continuous bi lipid layer having integrated protein molecules.
1981……………Lynn Margulis…………… published Symbiosis in Cell Evolution detailing the endosymbiotic theory.1989……………C.Benda…………… introduced the term mitochondria

 
 
 
 
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