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Biology
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Technique of mango epicotyl grafting is described
bellow:
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| 3.1.
Arrange 6 month old mango seedling (root stock)
and a young green shoot (scion) of desired verity.
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Mango
seedling (2months) |
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Seedling (6 months)
Root stock |
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Young green shoot
(scion) |
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| 3.2.
Cut the shoot of a root stock and cut down leaves.
The resulting stump should have a grey bark. Make
a split (cleft) in the stump, about 2-3 cm deep. |
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3.3. Take a young green shoot of wanted
mango cultivar, preferably 20 days old. (If
cut a mango branch, new shoots will form and
this can be used as scion after 20 days.)
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out 2/3 portion of all leaves. (To restrict over
evaporation of water) |
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3.4.
Cut the end of the shoot or scion, so it looks
like a wedge. Make the side cuts of a length equal
to the depth of the cleft, so the cambium layers
(outer layers) of the two plants can merge. (Take
care that the cambia match along at least one
side, preferably both).
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3.5.
These cut scions are then inserted in the splitted
root stock carefully and tied by the grafting
polythene tape keeping about 6 inch of scion part
above the joint. To maintain the smoothness at
the joints (mismatch due to the difference in
the diameter of stock and scion) and greater success
of grafts, one side of the joints is smoothened
by matching the stock and scion surface before
tying the tape.
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| 3.6.
Keep it in the shade for two weeks. If it is still
green after two weeks, leave it for another two
weeks. |
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| Cleft
grafting technique for mango propagation using rootstock
diameters of 0.5 to 1.0 cm and scions 15 cm long
with all the leaves removed gives more success rate.
Grafted seedlings should be kept in controlled conditions
of relative humidity levels not less than 85% to
ensure 100% success of graft union.
Over-watering of
recently grafted plants is perhaps one of the
most common faults encountered. Remember that
little leaf surface remains on the stocks following
grafting and water loss through transpiration
is minimal.
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| 4.
Planting: |
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Land
should be prepared by deep ploughing followed by
harrowing and leveling with a gentle slope for good
drainage. Spacing varies from 10 m x 10 m, in the
dry zones where growth is less, to 12 m x 12 m,
in heavy rainfall areas and rich soils where abundant
vegetative growth occurs. New dwarf hybrids like
Amrapali can be planted at closer spacing. Pits
are filled with original soil mixed with 20-25 kg
compost, 2.5 kg single super phosphate and 1 kg
muriate of potash.
One year old healthy, straight growing grafts from
reliable sources can be planted at the centre of
pits along with the ball of the earth intact during
rainy season in such a way that the roots are not
expanded and the graft union is above the ground
level. Plants should be irrigated immediately after
planting. In the initial one or two years, it is
advisable to provide some shade to the young plants
and also stake to make them grow straight.
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| 5.
Conclusion: |
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The primary aim
of grafting is to produce plants true to type
of their parent. Other factors may include reducing
disease incidence, implanting vigour or dwarfing
effects and inducing earlier maturity and it usually
begin to bear fruits within 3 to 5 years of propagation.
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| Hi-tech
cultivation method for Mangos is practicing in India
in selected areas and that will be the future cultivation
method. The sapling with epicotyl grafting/ cleft
grafting is most appropriate for hi-tech cultivation
/Ultra high density mango planting and this ensures
high productivity and superior quality and that
lead to increased export market share. |
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6.Acknowledgement:
we recognize the guidance given by Joy Zacharia
and the suggestions given by Attupurathu agricultural
nursery , Perumbavoor.
7.
Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango
http://www.ikisan.com
http://ccsmeerut.academia.edu/
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQElZsp0-9Q&feature=related
PPT: www.agropedialabs.iitk.ac.in
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